3º CC.SS. - TEMA 4 - El ensanche de Madrid

El proyecto de ensanche de Madrid realizado por Carlos María de Castro se plantea como una articulación de varias tramas que circundan los sectores este y norte de la ciudad con manzanas rectangulares no muy grandes, en las que se localizan hoteles y villas con una ocupación poco intensa del espacio. Existe una preocupación mayor por la ordenación de las manzanas que por la circulación y se advierte un cuidado por la armonía y disposición de las tramas en relación con el casco histórico y los caminos. En este proyecto se marca una clara zonificación social. Se prevé la construcción de barrios diferentes para la aristocracia y la alta burguesía, para la mediana burguesía y para los obreros. También se proyectó un barrio industrial.

Finalmente, sin embargo, en el ensanche se produjeron algunos cambios con respecto a lo proyectado en un principio: se suprimieron las vías de 20 metros de ancho, que fueron sustituidas por calles de 15 metros, se eliminaron la mayor parte de las manzanas dedicadas a jardines y en ellas se edificaron viviendas unifamiliares, se modificó la altura prevista de los edificios, permitiéndose que tuvieran más de las tres plantas proyectadas y se redujo la superficie del patio interior de cada manzana. En resumen, se eliminaron todos aquellos aspectos que perjudicaban los intereses de los propietarios del ensanche.

J. ESTÉBANEZ, Las ciudades.

4º CC.SS. - TEMA 4 - The reign of Isabella II

On the death of Ferdinand VII., June 29, 1833, an element of discord was introduced. The first Bourbon king, Philip V., in defiance of ancient Spanish precedents to the contrary, had introduced the Salic law from France, and had procured its solemn promulgation by Cortés. Ferdinand VII., with the consent of Cortés, abrogated this law, and left the crown to his only child, Isabella II., an infant of less than three years old, with her mother, Christina of Naples, as regent. His brother, Don Carlos, who, since the king's last marriage, had been intriguing against him with the ultra-conservative party, claimed the throne under the law of Philip V. Henceforth a dynastic question was added to the standing constitutional one.

The Carlists declared themselves the champions of legitimacy, the divine right, and of absolutism; and thus forced the party of Isabella, the Christinos, to appeal for support to the liberal and constitutional party, though they had no more real attachment to the cause, and no more intelligent appreciation of its benefits than had their opponents. A blunder of the liberal party in hesitating to confirm the "fueros" of the Basques, the last vestige still intact of the ancient constitutional and municipal liberties of Spain, greatly strengthened their opponents, who at once seized the opportunity and loudly confirmed them. A war of seven years followed, in which the older liberal generals lost all their former military prestige against Zumalacarregui in the Basque Provinces, and against Cabrera in Aragon. But the assistance of England, and still more the incapacity of Don Carlos, at length enabled Espartero to finish the war by the convention of Vergara, August 30, 1839, by which fueros were confirmed to the Basques on their laying down arms. Cabrera continued the war in Aragon and Catalonia, but two years afterwards was forced with his followers to take refuge in France. During this period constitutional liberty had apparently made great progress in Spain, and several useful reforms had been set on foot. But its course had been marred by deeds of atrocious violence, such as the massacre of the monks and the destruction of the convents in 1835, when valuable treasures, both in art and literature, which had been spared in the great Peninsular War, were finally lost. All ecclesiastical and church property had been declared national, and the sale of it had been commenced, tithes were wholly suppressed, the mesta was abolished—with results as to the division of property detailed in a former chapter. From the regency of Christina dates, in a great degree, the shameless corruption, the selfish intrigues, the abuses of all kinds among the upper employés, which with rare exceptions have marked every subsequent government of Spain. A reaction set in in 1843, with Narvaez as its real chief. To his stern administration, however, are due the establishment of the normal and technical schools, the foundation of the present educational system in Spain, and the institution of the guardias civiles, a kind of police after the model of the French gendarmerie or the Irish constabulary, and which has proved itself the most trustworthy body in Spain in defence of law and order under all changes of government. It would be a weariness to the reader to recount all the changes from liberalism to absolutism which followed during the reign of Isabella II. No administration succeeded in impressing on the bulk of the nation the fact that it was honest and capable; none won respect abroad. Perhaps that of O'Donnell (1858-63), during which occurred the successful campaign in Morocco, was the least corrupt and inefficient; but the indignation of the country at the shame and corruption of both court and government broke forth at last, and a movement, headed by Admiral Topete and the fleet at Cadiz, in 1868 overthrew the Government, forced Isabella to fly, and declared the Bourbons incapable of ruling in Spain.

Wentworth Webster, Spain (1882).

a) What element of discord was introduced in 1833?
b) What did the Carlist defend?
c) What were the “fueros”?
d) What was the convention of Vergara?
e) What violence did the Church suffer?
f) What were the characteristics of Spanish governments since 1833?
g) What were the guardias civiles?
h) Why did the author say the Bourbons were incapable of ruling in Spain?

3º CC.SS. - TEMA 3 - Pirámides del control

 

United States Census Bureau

Microrrelato navideño

Odiaba la Navidad. Cada año, por esas fechas, tapiaba puertas y ventanas sin olvidar la chimenea para impedir la llegada de ese gordinflón de gruesa barba. Y cada año al despertar descubría regalos a los pies de su cama. Presa de la ira abría la ventana y los arrojaba fuera. No tardando en ser recogidos por los humildes niños de la calle. Tal y como había previsto Papá Noel.

Raúl Garcés Redondo, Microrrelato navideño.

4º CC.SS. - TEMA 4 - Mines in Spain

“The chief coal district is that of Oviedo, Palencia, Leon, and Santander. The coal-field of Oviedo, occupying an extent of 230 square miles, and including a large number of workable beds, is of excellent quality, but as yet little developed, owing to high railway tariffs, bad condition of ports, traditional prejudices, want of skill and capital, and of a local market for inferior qualities. These obstacles will probably soon be overcome, and the development of the associated iron ores afford an important field of enterprise.
Iron is mainly obtained from Biscay, Oviedo, Murcia, and Almeria, but is abundant in other provinces. Lead is worked chiefly in Murcia, Jaen, Almeria, Badajoz, and Ciudad Real; the presence of antimony or of a predominating admixture of blende is very common, but Spain is on the whole the most important lead-producing country in Europe. Copper is obtained mainly from the Rio Tinto mines and others in Huelva; also from Seville, Palencia, Almeria, and Santander; but many other districts contain veins yielding more or less of copper ore. Zinc has been chiefly procured from superficial pockets of calamine in Santander and the neighbouring districts; but in the form of blende it is widely distributed in association with lead. Silver ores are worked in Almeria and Guadalajara.
The fact that more than 12,000 concessions of mines already exist in Spain, while a large number of lapsed concessions may be found, affords a better idea of the mineral wealth of the country than the enumeration of the mines actually worked.”

Wentworth Webster, Spain (1882).

a) What minerals were there in Spain? Where were the mineral fields? Draw them in the map.
b) What obstacles did the coal-fields have?
d) How many concessions existed in Spain? What were lapsed concessions?

4º CC.SS. - TEMA 7 - Napola

DIRECTED BY: Dennis Gansel.

WRITTEN BY: Dennis Gansel, Maggie Peren.

CAST: Max Riemelt, Tom Schilling, Leon A. Kersten, Jonas Jägermeyr, Thomas Drechsel, Martin Göres, Florian Stetter, Michael Schenk, Justus Von Dohnányi, Devid Striesow.

PLOT: Friedrich's boxing skills earn him an appointment to a Napola (Nazi High School), that serves as an entry to the Nazi elite. The school teaches the Nazi Party creed to its students. Among Friedrich's new friends is Albrecht, the son of a high official, a boy who is critical of Nazi ideology.

2º H.E. - Proceso de desamortización y cambios agrarios

3º CC.SS. - TEMA 3 - Population pyramid graph

United States Census Bureau

3º CC.SS. - TEMA 3 - España pierde 72 habitantes al día

España pierde 72 personas al día. Según los datos del INE, el resultado de la diferencia entre las muertes y los nacimientos apunta que sólo entre enero y junio de este año, España ha perdido 12.998 habitantes.

Lo explica el Movimiento Natural de la Población del Instituto Nacional de Estadística difundido este martes. Indica que entre enero y junio de este año nacieron en España 195.555 niños y niñas, un 4,6 por ciento menos que un año antes y la cifra más baja en un primer semestre desde al menos, 2011. Se consolida además la tendencia a la baja desatada en 2008.

Mientras, en el mismo periodo fallecieron en España 208.553 personas, un 7,8% menos que en el mismo periodo de 2015 sobre todo por las cifras de enero y febrero que el año pasado y a diferencia de 2016 registraron una alta mortalidad, como apuntan los datos del INE.

Artículo completo



Estadísticas de 2015:
España:
Población total: 46.595.344
Nacimientos: 420.290
Defunciones: 422.568
Andalucía:
Población total: 8.399.271
Nacimientos: 80.633
Defunciones: 72.001


Datos del INE

3º CC.SS. - TEMA 3 - Repaso

1.- If the world's population is 7.4 billion, and Earth's total area (including land and water) is 510 million square kilometers (197 million square miles), calculate the worldwide human population density.

2.- True or false?
a) The birth rate is the number of births in a year.
b) The fertility rate is the average number of women per child.
c) The death rate is the number of deaths in one year.
d) Life expectancy is the average life span of a person.
e) The difference between the birth rate and death rate is the vegetative or natural increase rate.

3.- Correct if necessary:

• Two thousand years ago, there were around one billion people in the world:
• In the stage one of demographic growth the birthrate is very low:
• In the stage two of demographic growth natural increase is slightly negative:
• In the stage three of demographic growth birthrate is high:
• In the stage four of demographic growth infant mortality is higher than 200‰:
• 90% of the people live in the Southern Hemisphere:
• Europe is a historically uninhabited continent:
• People are attracted by extreme climates:
• The fertility rate in a place is the number of babies born there for every 1000 women (between the ages of 25 and 29 years old):
• The infant mortality rate in a place is the number of children under the age of ten that die:

Unit

La venganza es un plato que se sirve frío

De joven todos en el colegio se burlaban de él —por lo tímido que era—; y aunque era el más listo de la clase también se burlaban de él por eso.

Por eso cuando, algunos años después, ganó el Nobel de medicina, se lo dedicó a sus excompañeros del colegio.

Luis Goróstegui, La venganza es un plato que se sirve frío.

4º CC.SS. - TEMA 4 - ¡Vivan las caenas!

A la sombra de la revolución

¡Vivan las caenas!

Homenaje

Desde hace tiempo, gente extraña circula cada día por todas las habitaciones de mi casa. Tal vez seamos parientes lejanos, quizá por eso no nos conocemos. Hace décadas que, desde este sitio, los observo en silencio.

Quisiera descansar, pero intuyo que jamás descolgarán mi foto de la pared del comedor.

Laura Pederzoli, Homenaje.

3º CC.SS. - TEMA 3 - Activities

Activities